We frequently get the same pneumatic cylinder question from customers: “How much air flow is required to power a pneumatic cylinder?”
This is critical to ensure that the pneumatic cylinder is supplied with enough air flow to operate as it is intended in your system design. This calculation does depend on the type of cylinder you are using, particularly whether it is a single-acting cylinder or a double-acting cylinder.
Pneumatic Cylinder Information
First, we must gather some basic information about your pneumatic cylinder so we can calculate the air consumption:
- Piston Area (Bore x 3.1415)
- Rod Area (for double-acting cylinders)
- Stroke
- Cycles per minute
Air Flow Required for Single-Acting Cylinder
Calculating the air consumption for a single-acting cylinder is a rather easy calculation, but it is important to understand that the required air flow is dependent not only on the bore area and stroke, but also the cycle rate of the pneumatic cylinder.
The formula for the air consumption of a single-acting
cylinder is as follows:
- A = Piston Area (Square Inches)
- S = Stroke (Inches)
- C = Cycles per Minute
- CFM (Cubic Feet per Minute) = (A x S x C) / 1728
Keep in mind that dwell times and cylinder sequence can affect the results when using this formula.
Air Flow Required for Double-Acting Cylinder
In a double-acting cylinder, the retracting volume and extending volume differ by the displacement of the rod.
The formula for the air consumption of a single-acting
cylinder is as follows:
- A = Piston Area (Square Inches)
- S = Stroke (Inches)
- C = Cycles per Minute
- CFM (Cubic Feet per Minute) = (A x S x C) / 1728
Keep in mind that dwell times and cylinder sequence can affect the results when using this formula.
In certain applications, the double-acting cylinder may be required to extend and retract at a different rate. Obviously, this changes our calculation of the air consumption.
In this situation, the air consumption of each stroke must be calculated separately as follows:
- EC = Extend cycles per minute (ignoring dwell time)
- RC = Retract cycles per minute (ignoring dwell time)
- CFM = (A x S x EC) / 1728 + [(A – R) x S x RC] / 1728
Converting CFM to SCFM
Converting the flow rate from CFM (compressed air) to SCFM (free air) can be calculated as follows:
- P = Pressure (PSIG)
- SCFM = CFM x (P + 14.7) / 14.7
Knowing how to use these calculations help with the sizing of the system components as well as calculation of the total air consumption of the system. Interested in learning more? Contact a Cross pneumatic expert for more information or to see how Cross can help your operation!
